Tugas Bahasa Inggris #3 Karangan

Gunung Gede Pangrango, Bogor

Precisely on 22,23,24 April 2017 me and my friend went climbing to pangrango big mountain in bogor the beginning of our journey gathered in one of my friend's board to prepare tools and materials needed at the top of the mountain later after we finish to the terminal Village rambutan and get off at the cipanas market after that take an angkot to the camp of climbers via mountain daughter, the morning we go up to the checkpoint after the examination is completed immediately make the trip. On the way up the gang of Pangrango through 4 posts to be able to camp at the 5th post (the square of the solar), 4 posts that are: 1. Legok Leunca 2. Lutung tail 3.Lawang Sekateng 4. Maleber intersection.

We arrived at Pos 5 which is the square of solar sun around 2 pm taking 9 hours journey course with a break hehehe, after until we put the tent for overnight and the next morning we headed to summit pangrango big mountain after reaching peak really beautiful view above There, until the exit of a word "God's Delight Where Again Are You Dated". Thank You MOUNTAIN GEDE PANGRANGO 2958mdpl.

Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis Review 8

Effect of Supplementation With Chitosan on Weight, Cardiometabolic, and Other Risk Indices in Wistar Rats Fed Normal and High-Fat/High-Cholesterol Diets Ad Libitum

The aim was to investigate effect of chitosan on markers of obesity and cardiometabolic risk in rats fed normal chow (NC) or highfat/high-cholesterol diet (HF/HCD). Forty male rats were fed NC or HF/HCD for 3months, then divided into 4 groups: group A fed NC, group B: NC+chitosan, group C: HF/HCD, and group D: HF/HCD+chitosan. Food intake and weight were recorded, and serum glucose, lipid profile, insulin, leptin, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), and tumor necrosis factor α were measured at beginning and after 12weeks. Atherogenic index (AI), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C:HDL-C), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated. At the end of study, food intake was significantly increased in group B; mean values of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C, LDL-C:HDL-C, and AI were decreased in group B and group D; mean leptin was increased in group A and decreased in group B; and mean values of insulin, HOMA-IR, and GGT were increased in group C. The results from this study suggest that chitosan improved lipid profile, insulin sensitivity, and oxidative stress caused by HF/HCD.

Sumber :   http://insights.sagepub.com/

Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis Review 7

A Historical Analysis of the Quest for the Origins of Aging Macula Disorder, the Tissues Involved, and Its Terminology

Although ocular tissues involved in aging macula disorder (AMD) were already known in 300 BC, the last type of photoreceptors was discovered only 10 years ago. The earliest descriptions of AMD appeared around 1850. It took over 150 years, till a clearer concept of AMD was formulated and even longer to grasp its pathophysiology. The uncertainty of researchers about the pathogenesis of AMD over the last century is reflected in its changing terminology. The evolution of this terminology is provided in a table to afford the reader a better insight into explanations proposed by researchers during this quest.

Sumber :   http://insights.sagepub.com/

Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis Review 6

External Quality Assessment in the Evaluation of Laboratory Performance of Faecal Culture

In Finland, all laboratories carrying out diagnostics of infectious diseases in humans are approved by the Regional State Administrative Agencies and are obligated to participate in External Quality Assurance rounds. Performance in these rounds is thought to reflect the quality of laboratory work. In the 6-year study period, 17 Finnish laboratories received 48 simulated faecal specimens for the culturing of diarrhoeal pathogens, yielding altogether 586 faecal culture External Quality Control specimens and 581 reports. The results were correct in 92% of all reports and in 67% of all specimens. False-negative Salmonella results were given for 2 of the 18 specimens, one with biochemically atypical Salmonella strain and the other with a low count of Salmonella cells. False-negative Shigella report was given for 6 of the 7 specimens in some participating laboratory. Detection of all common faecal pathogens is especially relevant to patient safety, public health, and epidemiological surveillance.

Sumber :   http://insights.sagepub.com/

Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis Review 5

Hepatitis C and Its Relation to B-Cell Lymphoma

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health concern, with millions of people chronically infected. The course of this chronic disease may lead to lymphoproliferative disorders ranging from benign mixed cryoglobulinemia to malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In this article, we reviewed the current knowledge of the different pathologic mechanisms involved in the occurrence of HCV-related lymphoproliferative diseases. Hepatitis C virus directly or indirectly causes different steps of progressive alterations. A chronic antigenic stimulation will select a B-cell clone that will gain immortality via alterations in coding DNA in proto-oncogenes and tumoursuppressor regions. The main challenge in the treatment of HCV-induced NHL is to obtain a sustained virologic response before HCV induced irreversible damages leading to everlasting cell survival. The new interferon-free therapies introduce a new era of management of HCV-NHL, with recent published data to be promising. Nevertheless, further studies are required to assess the safety of those drugs, particularly in association with chemotherapy.

Sumber :   http://insights.sagepub.com/

Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis Review 4

Surface Water Quality of Intensive Farming Areas Within the Santa Lucia River Basin of Uruguay

The Santa Lucia River basin provides drinking water to 60% of Uruguay population. The input of excessive amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus both from point and nonpoint sources could impair surface water quality and prevent its use for human consumption. The objective of this work was to evaluate surface water quality in small catchments under agricultural use located within this river basin. To this end, 5 streams and 4 small polders were surveyed between September 2008 and December 2009. The median concentrations of total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the streams across all sites and periods were 770 and 1659µgL−1, respectively, exceeding in the case of total phosphorus national and international thresholds. Furthermore, soluble phosphorous, the most readily available form to algae, represented 88.3% of total phosphorus. Concentrations of phosphorous and nitrogen in polders were also high. The eutrophication process of this water bodies could be linked to the intensive agricultural land use in the area because the nutrient input from cities and industries was not relevant in these catchments.

Sumber :   http://insights.sagepub.com/

Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis Review 3

Human 8–Associated Intravascular Lymphomatosis Within an AIDS Patient

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) causes Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and is associated with B-cell malignancies. Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma is an uncommon B-cell lymphoma characterized by proliferation of neoplastic B cells within the lumina of blood vessels. Although the underlying cause of this lymphoma is unclear, a previous report has identified a single case of HHV-8–associated intravascular lymphomatosis (IVL). We analyzed 5 cases of IVL for the presence of HHV-8, finding the second case of HHV-8–associated IVL. Human herpesvirus 8 protein expression (latency-associated nuclear antigen 1 [LANA-1]), Epstein-Barr virus–encoded RNAs (EBERs), and the cellular markers CD20 and CD45 were determined by immunohistochemistry. Intravascular lymphoma cells from a subject with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were positive for HHV-8 LANA-1, EBV EBER, and CD20 and CD45 expression. The 4 non-HIV–infected IVL cases were negative for HHV-8 LANA-1 and EBER expression. Future studies are required to determine whether the association between HHV-8 and HIV with IVL is true.

Sumber :   http://insights.sagepub.com/